基于java Files类和Paths类的用法(详解)
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Java7中文件IO发生了很大的变化,专门引入了很多新的类: import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream; import java.nio.file.FileSystem; import java.nio.file.FileSystems; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Path; import java.nio.file.Paths; import java.nio.file.attribute.FileAttribute; import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermission; import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermissions; ......等等,来取代原来的基于java.io.File的文件IO操作方式. 1. Path就是取代File的 A Path represents a path that is hierarchical and composed of a sequence of directory and file name elements separated by a special separator or delimiter. Path用于来表示文件路径和文件。可以有多种方法来构造一个Path对象来表示一个文件路径,或者一个文件: 1)首先是final类Paths的两个static方法,如何从一个路径字符串来构造Path对象:
Path path = Paths.get("C:/","Xmp");
Path path2 = Paths.get("C:/Xmp");
URI u = URI.create("file:///C:/Xmp/dd");
Path p = Paths.get(u);
2)FileSystems构造:
Path path3 = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("C:/","access.log");
3)File和Path之间的转换,File和URI之间的转换:
File file = new File("C:/my.ini");
Path p1 = file.toPath();
p1.toFile();
file.toURI();
4)创建一个文件:
Path target2 = Paths.get("C:mystuff.txt");
// Set<PosixFilePermission> perms = PosixFilePermissions.fromString("rw-rw-rw-");
// FileAttribute<Set<PosixFilePermission>> attrs = PosixFilePermissions.asFileAttribute(perms);
try {
if(!Files.exists(target2))
Files.createFile(target2);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
windows下不支持PosixFilePermission来指定rwx权限。 5)Files.newBufferedReader读取文件:
try {
// Charset.forName("GBK")
BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(Paths.get("C:my.ini"),StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
String str = null;
while((str = reader.readLine()) != null){
System.out.println(str);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
可以看到使用 Files.newBufferedReader 远比原来的FileInputStream,然后BufferedReader包装,等操作简单的多了。 这里如果指定的字符编码不对,可能会抛出异常 MalformedInputException ,或者读取到了乱码: java.nio.charset.MalformedInputException: Input length = 1 at java.nio.charset.CoderResult.throwException(CoderResult.java:281) at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:339) at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:178) at java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:184) at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:161) at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:324) at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:389) at com.coin.Test.main(Test.java:79) 6)文件写操作:
try {
BufferedWriter writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(Paths.get("C:my2.ini"),StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
writer.write("测试文件写操作");
writer.flush();
writer.close();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
7)遍历一个文件夹:
Path dir = Paths.get("D:webworkspace");
try(DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(dir)){
for(Path e : stream){
System.out.println(e.getFileName());
}
}catch(IOException e){
}
try (Stream<Path> stream = Files.list(Paths.get("C:/"))){
Iterator<Path> ite = stream.iterator();
while(ite.hasNext()){
Path pp = ite.next();
System.out.println(pp.getFileName());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
上面是遍历单个目录,它不会遍历整个目录。遍历整个目录需要使用:Files.walkFileTree 8)遍历整个文件目录:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
Path startingDir = Paths.get("C:apache-tomcat-8.0.21");
List<Path> result = new LinkedList<Path>();
Files.walkFileTree(startingDir,new FindJavaVisitor(result));
System.out.println("result.size()=" + result.size());
}
private static class FindJavaVisitor extends SimpleFileVisitor<Path>{
private List<Path> result;
public FindJavaVisitor(List<Path> result){
this.result = result;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file,BasicFileAttributes attrs){
if(file.toString().endsWith(".java")){
result.add(file.getFileName());
}
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
}
来一个实际例子:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Path startingDir = Paths.get("F:uploadimages"); // F:uploadimages220141206
List<Path> result = new LinkedList<Path>();
Files.walkFileTree(startingDir,new FindJavaVisitor(result));
System.out.println("result.size()=" + result.size());
System.out.println("done.");
}
private static class FindJavaVisitor extends SimpleFileVisitor<Path>{
private List<Path> result;
public FindJavaVisitor(List<Path> result){
this.result = result;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file,BasicFileAttributes attrs){
String filePath = file.toFile().getAbsolutePath();
if(filePath.matches(".*_[1|2]{1}.(?i)(jpg|jpeg|gif|bmp|png)")){
try {
Files.deleteIfExists(file);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
result.add(file.getFileName());
} return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
}
将目录下面所有符合条件的图片删除掉:filePath.matches(".*_[1|2]{1}.(?i)(jpg|jpeg|gif|bmp|png)")
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Path startingDir = Paths.get("F:111111uploadimages"); // F:111111uploadimages220141206
List<Path> result = new LinkedList<Path>();
Files.walkFileTree(startingDir,BasicFileAttributes attrs){
String filePath = file.toFile().getAbsolutePath();
int width = 224;
int height = 300;
StringUtils.substringBeforeLast(filePath,".");
String newPath = StringUtils.substringBeforeLast(filePath,".") + "_1."
+ StringUtils.substringAfterLast(filePath,".");
try {
ImageUtil.zoomImage(filePath,newPath,width,height);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
result.add(file.getFileName());
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
}
为目录下的所有图片生成指定大小的缩略图。a.jpg 则生成 a_1.jpg 2. 强大的java.nio.file.Files 1)创建目录和文件:
try {
Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST"));
if(!Files.exists(Paths.get("C://TEST")))
Files.createFile(Paths.get("C://TEST/test.txt"));
// Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST/test2.txt"));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
注意创建目录和文件Files.createDirectories 和 Files.createFile不能混用,必须先有目录,才能在目录中创建文件。 2)文件复制: 从文件复制到文件:Files.copy(Path source,Path target,CopyOption options); 从输入流复制到文件:Files.copy(InputStream in,CopyOption options); 从文件复制到输出流:Files.copy(Path source,OutputStream out);
try {
Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST"));
if(!Files.exists(Paths.get("C://TEST")))
Files.createFile(Paths.get("C://TEST/test.txt"));
// Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST/test2.txt"));
Files.copy(Paths.get("C://my.ini"),System.out);
Files.copy(Paths.get("C://my.ini"),Paths.get("C://my2.ini"),StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
Files.copy(System.in,Paths.get("C://my3.ini"),StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
3)遍历一个目录和文件夹上面已经介绍了:Files.newDirectoryStream , Files.walkFileTree (编辑:安卓应用网) 【声明】本站内容均来自网络,其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点,不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利,请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |
