利用Python脚本生成sitemap.xml的实现方法

安装lxml

首先需要pip install lxml安装lxml库。

如果你在ubuntu上遇到了以下错误:

#include "libxml/xmlversion.h"
compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
 Removing temporary dir /tmp/pip_build_root...
Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools,tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize,'open',open)(__file__).read().replace('rn','n'),__file__,'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-O4cIn6-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/lxml
Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py",line 122,in main
  status = self.run(options,args)
 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py",line 283,in run
  requirement_set.install(install_options,global_options,root=options.root_path)
 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py",line 1435,in install
  requirement.install(install_options,*args,**kwargs)
 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py",line 706,in install
  cwd=self.source_dir,filter_stdout=self._filter_install,show_stdout=False)
 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/util.py",line 697,in call_subprocess
  % (command_desc,proc.returncode,cwd))
InstallationError: Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools,'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-O4cIn6-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/lxml

请安装以下依赖：

sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev

Python代码

下面是生成sitemap和sitemapindex索引的代码，可以按照需求传入需要的参数，或者增加字段：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import io
import re
from lxml import etree


def generate_xml(filename,url_list):
  """Generate a new xml file use url_list"""
  root = etree.Element('urlset',xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9")
  for each in url_list:
    url = etree.Element('url')
    loc = etree.Element('loc')
    loc.text = each
    url.append(loc)
    root.append(url)

  header = u'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>n'
  s = etree.tostring(root,encoding='utf-8',pretty_print=True)
  with io.open(filename,'w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write(unicode(header+s))


def update_xml(filename,url_list):
  """Add new url_list to origin xml file."""
  f = open(filename,'r')
  lines = [i.strip() for i in f.readlines()]
  f.close()

  old_url_list = []
  for each_line in lines:
    d = re.findall('<loc>(http://.+)</loc>',each_line)
    old_url_list += d
  url_list += old_url_list

  generate_xml(filename,url_list)


def generatr_xml_index(filename,sitemap_list,lastmod_list):
  """Generate sitemap index xml file."""
  root = etree.Element('sitemapindex',xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9")
  for each_sitemap,each_lastmod in zip(sitemap_list,lastmod_list):
    sitemap = etree.Element('sitemap')
    loc = etree.Element('loc')
    loc.text = each_sitemap
    lastmod = etree.Element('lastmod')
    lastmod.text = each_lastmod
    sitemap.append(loc)
    sitemap.append(lastmod)
    root.append(sitemap)

  header = u'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>n'
  s = etree.tostring(root,encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write(unicode(header+s))


if __name__ == '__main__':
  urls = ['http://www.baidu.com'] * 10
  mods = ['2004-10-01T18:23:17+00:00'] * 10
  generatr_xml_index('index.xml',urls,mods)

效果

生成的效果应该是这种格式：

sitemap格式:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
 <url>
  <loc>http://www.example.com/foo.html</loc>
 </url>
</urlset>

sitemapindex格式：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <sitemapindex xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
  <sitemap>
   <loc>http://www.example.com/sitemap1.xml.gz</loc>
   <lastmod>2004-10-01T18:23:17+00:00</lastmod>
  </sitemap>
  <sitemap>
   <loc>http://www.example.com/sitemap2.xml.gz</loc>
   <lastmod>2005-01-01</lastmod>
  </sitemap>
  </sitemapindex>

lastmod时间格式的问题

格式是用ISO 8601的标准，如果是linux/unix系统，可以使用以下函数获取

def get_lastmod_time(filename):
  time_stamp = os.path.getmtime(filename)
  t = time.localtime(time_stamp)
  # return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S+08:00',t)
  return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ',t)

优化

一般来说，用lxml效率低并且内存占用比较大，可以直接用文件的write方法创建。

def generate_xml(filename,url_list):
  with gzip.open(filename,"w") as f:
    f.write("""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">n""")
    for i in url_list:
      f.write("""<url><loc>%s</loc></url>n"""%i)
    f.write("""</urlset>""")


def append_xml(filename,'r') as f:
    for each_line in f:
      d = re.findall('<loc>(http://.+)</loc>',each_line)
      url_list.extend(d)

    generate_xml(filename,set(url_list))


def modify_time(filename):
  time_stamp = os.path.getmtime(filename)
  t = time.localtime(time_stamp)
  return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S:%SZ',t)


def new_xml(filename,url_list):
  generate_xml(filename,url_list)
  root = dirname(filename)

  with open(join(dirname(root),"sitemap.xml"),"w") as f:
    f.write('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>n<sitemapindex xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">n')
    for i in glob.glob(join(root,"*.xml.gz")):
      lastmod = modify_time(i)
      i = i[len(CONFIG.SITEMAP_PATH):]
      f.write("<sitemap>n<loc>http:/%s</loc>n"%i)
      f.write("<lastmod>%s</lastmod>n</sitemap>n"%lastmod)
    f.write('</sitemapindex>')

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家学习或者使用python能带来一定的帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流。谢谢大家对编程小技巧的支持。

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