linux – 为什么这个SSD驱动器出现坏扇区故障,是否可以预测？

发布时间：2020-05-24 02:11:04 所属栏目：Linux 来源：互联网

导读：注意：此问题之前已被关闭为非主题.你可以阅读 discussion.我在这里问的理由是：此驱动器位于赞比亚农村学校的离线内容缓存服务器中. 服务器是从磁盘映像创建的,所有内容都是可替换的. 它必须便宜,因为赞比亚学校的预算有限,而且会有很多. 它也必须可靠,因为

注意：此问题之前已被关闭为非主题.你可以阅读 discussion.我在这里问的理由是：

>此驱动器位于赞比亚农村学校的离线内容缓存服务器中.
>服务器是从磁盘映像创建的,所有内容都是可替换的.
>它必须便宜,因为赞比亚学校的预算有限,而且会有很多.
>它也必须可靠,因为在不良道路上可能需要8小时才能更换.
>我不允许在这里询问什么驱动器不是“超便宜的垃圾”.
>因此,我们正在对符合这些标准的驱动器进行自己的研究和实验.
>我无法通过覆盖它们来修复坏扇区(自动重新分配)违背了我的假设,我想知道原因.
>我想也许一个安全删除可能会修复坏道,但在我废弃驱动器之前想要别人的意见.
>我以为我可能错过了可以预测失败的SMART数据.

这是一款金士顿240GB SSD磁盘,在网站上工作了大约3个月,突然发展出坏道：

smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [i686-linux-3.2.20-net6501-121115-1cw] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen,http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     KINGSTON SVP200S3240G
Serial Number:    50026B7228010E5C
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0026b7 228010e5c
Firmware Version: 502ABBF0
User Capacity:    240,057,409,536 bytes [240 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   8
ATA Standard is:  ACS-2 revision 3
Local Time is:    Tue Mar  5 17:10:24 2013 CAT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x02) Offline data collection activity
                    was completed without error.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                    without error or no self-test has ever 
                    been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (    0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (  48) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x0021) SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   084   084   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       10965286670575
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   003    Pre-fail  Always       -       16
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       46823733462185
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       127
171 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
172 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
174 Unknown_Attribute       0x0030   000   000   000    Old_age   Offline      -       131
177 Wear_Leveling_Count     0x0000   000   000   000    Old_age   Offline      -       1
181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total  0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
182 Erase_Fail_Count_Total  0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       49900
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   033   078   000    Old_age   Always       -       33 (Min/Max 21/78)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x001c   120   120   000    Old_age   Offline      -       235163887
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0033   100   100   003    Pre-fail  Always       -       16
201 Soft_Read_Error_Rate    0x001c   120   120   000    Old_age   Offline      -       235163887
204 Soft_ECC_Correction     0x001c   120   120   000    Old_age   Offline      -       235163887
230 Head_Amplitude          0x0013   100   100   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       100
231 Temperature_Celsius     0x0013   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
233 Media_Wearout_Indicator 0x0000   000   000   000    Old_age   Offline      -       363
234 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       208
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       208
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       1001

SMART Error Log not supported
SMART Self-test Log not supported
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans,do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up,resume after 0 minute delay.

现在我在磁盘上的某些地方遇到了坏块：

root@iPad2:~# badblocks /dev/sda -v
Checking blocks 0 to 234431063
Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): 8394752 done,1:15 elapsed
8394756 done,1:21 elapsed
8394757 done,1:23 elapsed
8394758 done,1:24 elapsed
8394759 done,1:27 elapsed
...
190882871one,29:49 elapsed
190882888one,29:53 elapsed
190882889one,29:54 elapsed
190882890one,29:56 elapsed
190882891one,29:58 elapsed
done                                
Pass completed,80 bad blocks found.

它们似乎是可重复的,并且自动重新分配失败,因此无法通过写入它们来修复它们：

root@iPad2:~# badblocks /dev/sda -wvf 8394756 8394756
/dev/sda is apparently in use by the system; badblocks forced anyway.
Checking for bad blocks in read-write mode
From block 8394756 to 8394756
Testing with pattern 0xaa: 8394756
done                                
Reading and comparing: done                                
Testing with pattern 0x55: done                                
Reading and comparing: done                                
Testing with pattern 0xff: done                                
Reading and comparing: done                                
Testing with pattern 0x00: done                                
Reading and comparing: done                                
Pass completed,1 bad blocks found.

我在系统日志中遇到这样的错误：

ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
ata1.00: cmd 60/08:00:08:30:00/00:00:01:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in
         res 51/40:08:08:30:00/00:00:01:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F>
ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
ata1.00: error: { UNC }
ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda]  Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda]  Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [descriptor]
Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex):
        72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00 
        01 00 30 08 
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda]  Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 01 00 30 08 00 00 08 00
end_request: I/O error,dev sda,sector 16789512
Buffer I/O error on device sda,logical block 2098689
ata1: EH complete

现在我不明白为什么自动重新分配在这个磁盘上失败了. smartctl输出对我来说都很好看.只有16个部门被重新分配,这一点并不多.我看不出这个驱动器拒绝重新分配扇区的任何正当理由.这种型号的SSD刚刚破损或设计糟糕吗？

笔记：

>根据金斯顿的文档,属性174是“意外断电”.
> 131意外断电非常糟糕.
>属性187(Reported_Uncorrect)是可能的最大值65535中的49900
>最高温度在78’C时非常高

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