linux – 从syslog日志文件中快速提取时间范围？

我有一个标准syslog格式的日志文件.它看起来像这样,除了每秒数百行：

Jan 11 07:48:46 blahblahblah...
Jan 11 07:49:00 blahblahblah...
Jan 11 07:50:13 blahblahblah...
Jan 11 07:51:22 blahblahblah...
Jan 11 07:58:04 blahblahblah...

它不会在午夜时分滚动,但它永远不会超过两天.

我经常要从这个文件中提取一个时间片.我想为此编写一个通用脚本,我可以这样称呼：

$timegrep 22:30-02:00 /logs/something.log

……让它从22:30开始向前拉过午夜边界,直到第二天凌晨2点.

有几点需要注意：

>我不想打扰命令行上的日期,只是时间.该计划应该足够聪明,可以搞清楚.
>日志日期格式不包括年份,因此它应根据当前年份进行猜测,但在新年当天做正确的事情.
>我希望它快 – 它应该使用这样的事实,即为了在文件中寻找并使用二进制搜索.

在我花大量时间写这篇文章之前,它是否已经存在？

解决方法

此版本包括：

>命令行选项处理
>命令行日期格式验证
>一些尝试块
>读行移入函数

原文：

好吧,你知道什么？ “寻求”,你会发现！这是一个Python程序,它在文件中寻找并使用或多或少的二进制搜索.它比其他人写的AWK脚本要快得多.

它是(前？)alpha质量.它应该有试块和输入验证和大量的测试,毫无疑问会更像Pythonic.但这是为了你的娱乐.哦,它是为Python 2.6编写的.

新代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# timegrep.py by Dennis Williamson 20100113
# in response to http://serverfault.com/questions/101744/fast-extraction-of-a-time-range-from-syslog-logfile

# thanks to serverfault user http://serverfault.com/users/1545/mike
# for the inspiration

# Perform a binary search through a log file to find a range of times
# and print the corresponding lines

# tested with Python 2.6

# TODO: Make sure that it works if the seek falls in the middle of
#       the first or last line
# TODO: Make sure it's not blind to a line where the sync read falls
#       exactly at the beginning of the line being searched for and
#       then gets skipped by the second read
# TODO: accept arbitrary date

# done: add -l long and -s short options
# done: test time format

version = "0.01a"

import os,sys
from stat import *
from datetime import date,datetime
import re
from optparse import OptionParser

# Function to read lines from file and extract the date and time
def getdata():
    """Read a line from a file

    Return a tuple containing:
        the date/time in a format such as 'Jan 15 20:14:01'
        the line itself

    The last colon and seconds are optional and
    not handled specially

    """
    try:
        line = handle.readline(bufsize)
    except:
        print("File I/O Error")
        exit(1)
    if line == '':
        print("EOF reached")
        exit(1)
    if line[-1] == 'n':
        line = line.rstrip('n')
    else:
        if len(line) >= bufsize:
            print("Line length exceeds buffer size")
        else:
            print("Missing newline")
        exit(1)
    words = line.split(' ')
    if len(words) >= 3:
        linedate = words[0] + " " + words[1] + " " + words[2]
    else:
        linedate = ''
    return (linedate,line)
# End function getdata()

# Set up option handling
parser = OptionParser(version = "%prog " + version)

parser.usage = "nt%prog [options] start-time end-time filenamenn
twhere times are in the form hh:mm[:ss]"

parser.description = "Search a log file for a range of times occurring yesterday 
and/or today using the current time to intelligently select the start and end. 
A date may be specified instead. Seconds are optional in time arguments."

parser.add_option("-d","--date",action = "store",dest = "date",default = "",help = "NOT YET IMPLEMENTED. Use the supplied date instead of today.")

parser.add_option("-l","--long",action = "store_true",dest = "longout",default = False,help = "Span the longest possible time range.")

parser.add_option("-s","--short",dest = "shortout",help = "Span the shortest possible time range.")

parser.add_option("-D","--debug",dest = "debug",default = 0,type = "int",help = "Output debugging information.tttttNone (default) = %default,Some = 1,More = 2")

(options,args) = parser.parse_args()

if not 0 <= options.debug <= 2:
    parser.error("debug level out of range")
else:
    debug = options.debug    # 1 = print some debug output,2 = print a little more,0 = none

if options.longout and options.shortout:
    parser.error("options -l and -s are mutually exclusive")

if options.date:
    parser.error("date option not yet implemented")

if len(args) != 3:
    parser.error("invalid number of arguments")

start = args[0]
end   = args[1]
file  = args[2]

# test for times to be properly formatted,allow hh:mm or hh:mm:ss
p = re.compile(r'(^[2][0-3]|[0-1][0-9]):[0-5][0-9](:[0-5][0-9])?$')

if not p.match(start) or not p.match(end):
    print("Invalid time specification")
    exit(1)

# Determine Time Range
yesterday = date.fromordinal(date.today().toordinal()-1).strftime("%b %d")
today     = datetime.now().strftime("%b %d")
now       = datetime.now().strftime("%R")

if start > now or start > end or options.longout or options.shortout:
    searchstart = yesterday
else:
    searchstart = today

if (end > start > now and not options.longout) or options.shortout:
    searchend = yesterday
else:
    searchend = today

searchstart = searchstart + " " + start
searchend = searchend + " " + end

try:
    handle = open(file,'r')
except:
    print("File Open Error")
    exit(1)

# Set some initial values
bufsize = 4096  # handle long lines,but put a limit them
rewind  =  100  # arbitrary,the optimal value is highly dependent on the structure of the file
limit   =   75  # arbitrary,allow for a VERY large file,but stop it if it runs away
count   =    0
size    =    os.stat(file)[ST_SIZE]
beginrange   = 0
midrange     = size / 2
oldmidrange  = midrange
endrange     = size
linedate     = ''

pos1 = pos2  = 0

if debug > 0: print("File: '{0}' Size: {1} Today: '{2}' Now: {3} Start: '{4}' End: '{5}'".format(file,size,today,now,searchstart,searchend))

# Seek using binary search
while pos1 != endrange and oldmidrange != 0 and linedate != searchstart:
    handle.seek(midrange)
    linedate,line = getdata()    # sync to line ending
    pos1 = handle.tell()
    if midrange > 0:             # if not BOF,discard first read
        if debug > 1: print("...partial: (len: {0}) '{1}'".format((len(line)),line))
        linedate,line = getdata()

    pos2 = handle.tell()
    count += 1
    if debug > 0: print("#{0} Beg: {1} Mid: {2} End: {3} P1: {4} P2: {5} Timestamp: '{6}'".format(count,beginrange,midrange,endrange,pos1,pos2,linedate))
    if  searchstart > linedate:
        beginrange = midrange
    else:
        endrange = midrange
    oldmidrange = midrange
    midrange = (beginrange + endrange) / 2
    if count > limit:
        print("ERROR: ITERATION LIMIT EXCEEDED")
        exit(1)

if debug > 0: print("...stopping: '{0}'".format(line))

# Rewind a bit to make sure we didn't miss any
seek = oldmidrange
while linedate >= searchstart and seek > 0:
    if seek < rewind:
        seek = 0
    else:
        seek = seek - rewind
    if debug > 0: print("...rewinding")
    handle.seek(seek)

    linedate,line = getdata()    # sync to line ending
    if debug > 1: print("...junk: '{0}'".format(line))

    linedate,line = getdata()
    if debug > 0: print("...comparing: '{0}'".format(linedate))

# Scan forward
while linedate < searchstart:
    if debug > 0: print("...skipping: '{0}'".format(linedate))
    linedate,line = getdata()

if debug > 0: print("...found: '{0}'".format(line))

if debug > 0: print("Beg: {0} Mid: {1} End: {2} P1: {3} P2: {4} Timestamp: '{5}'".format(beginrange,linedate))

# Now that the preliminaries are out of the way,we just loop,#     reading lines and printing them until they are
#     beyond the end of the range we want

while linedate <= searchend:
    print line
    linedate,line = getdata()

if debug > 0: print("Start: '{0}' End: '{1}'".format(searchstart,searchend))
handle.close()

（编辑：安卓应用网）

【声明】本站内容均来自网络，其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利，请及时与联系站长删除相关内容!